Explore the beautiful flora and fauna of the Rasa Ria Reserve, surrounded by the high peaks of its sacred forest. An expert Resident Naturalist will take you on an informative journey, explaining the geography and the fascinating surroundings. *Please note that the presence or sights of these species are subjective since they roam freely in the forest.
Dalit Bay Golf Club is home to a few families of Asian small-clawed otters. Otters are semi-aquatic mammals; they live on land but spend most of their time underwater hunting for food. We sometimes spot families of otters travelling between ponds to ponds in Dalit Bay Driving Range.
Found in various types of habitats, as well as open areas near forests. Their habitat is terrestrial where they live in the hole of tree barks or roots. They also live in a burrow from which a network of trails penetrate into surrounding habitat. Our rangers often spot them along the trail.
As with other pit vipers, this is a venomous snake, with heat-sensing pits on the sides of the head. It may be found at heights ranging from low vegetation to mid-canopy levels. IT has a wide range of subspecies all evolved within Borneo and are almost genetically identical with slightly varying colours and markings.
Slow lorises are perfectly adapted to life in trees with special pincer-like hands and feet. Being nocturnal, they use scent-marking to communicate with each other and large eyes to help forage in the dark. Its main diet consists of insects! They are highly vulnerable to the pet trade and need protection.
The most impressive insect found in Borneo. The jaws appear only in male and aid them in combating other males during mating season. The strongest and winning male use their large horns to throw one another out of treetops. The biggest rhino beetle males are found in tops of trees, and this is why the females can only fly during mating season.
Animals play an important role in the growth cycle, in keeping the balance of life and of the tropical rainforest. Animals act as pollination agents and seed dispersers. This stimulated the development of species among tropical rainforest plants and assist in the nutrient cycle to help prevent species degradation in the forest. The lowland rainforest accommodates an incredible diversity of wildlife and at the Rasa Ria Reserve, the most prominent animals are the mammals.
The binturong is sometimes called ‘bear cat’ because it has a face that looks like a cat and a body like a bear with long shaggy hair but it is not related to either animal.
Learn MoreThe Common Palm Civet is found from the Himalayas and southern China to the Philippines, the Malay peninsula and the Indonesian islands.
Learn MoreAlso known as the Lesser Malay Mouse Deer, they do not have antlers or horns. Instead, adult males have elongated, tusk-like upper canines.
Learn MoreThe Long-Tailed Macaque is native to Southeast Asia and lives in a wide variety of habitats, including primary lowland rainforest, disturbed or secondary rainforest, shrub land, and riverine and coastal forests.
Learn MoreThe Malayan Porcupine is one of the largest of Southeast Asia's seven species of porcupine.
Learn MoreSlow Loris is a group of several species of nocturnal primates found in Southeast Asia and bordering areas of Bangladesh and Northeast India to the Sulu Archipelago in the Philippines and from Yunnan province in China to the island of Java.
Learn MoreMore than 80 species of birds have been recorded in the Rasa Ria Reserve, the surrounding coastal areas and landscaped gardens. Their bright colours flit through the green vegetation and calls ring out through the air to announce their presence. Bird watching is a relaxing sojourn that can be enjoyed alone or in small groups to appreciate the beauty of nature through these wonderful winged creatures.
The Stork-Billed Kingfisher is a tree kingfisher which is widely but sparsely found in the tropical Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, from India to Indonesia.
Learn MoreThe Oriental Darter is a large bird, measuring 85-100cm in length and weighing between 1kg and 1.8kg.
Learn MoreCinnamon Bitterns hunt small fish, frogs and invertebrates but like other bitterns, they are solitary and hunt quietly alone.
Learn MoreThe White-Crowned Shama is a bird in the Old World flycatcher family and is endemic to Borneo.
Learn MoreThe Tabon Scrubfowl is a ground-living bird. They have large, powerful feet that they use for dragging and piling mounds as well as digging pits to lay their eggs which take up to 70 days to hatch.
Learn MoreThe sunbird is a group of very small Old World birds which feed largely on nectar, although they will also take insects, especially when feeding their young.
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Insects live in nearly every habitat, and it’s estimated that there are currently 10 quintillion insects on the globe. So far scientists who study bugs, called entomologists, have named one million insect species but studies estimate that four million are still uncategorized. Most Insects have wings and antennae, with six legs and a hard outer shell called an exoskeleton.
Insects are vital to every ecosystem. They pollinate plants, decompose plant and animal matter, and are themselves a source of food. Birds alone are estimated to eat 400 to 500 million tons of insects per year.
All insects belong to the phylum Arthropoda. But unlike other arthropods—like lobsters, spiders, or millipedes—insects have three pairs of jointed legs, segmented bodies, an exoskeleton, one pair of antennae, and (usually) one or two pairs of wings.
Forest Cockroaches are insects with a soft, sleek and flat body, long antennae and spiny legs. They have two pairs of wings. The forewings are leathery and the hind wings membranous.
Learn MoreThe Brown Marmorated Stink Bug has a shield-like pentagon-shaped body which is characteristic of all stink bugs.
Learn MoreHouse Crickets are a widespread species which probably originated from Southeast Asia and was carried by humans into many other countries.
Learn MoreThe Praying Mantis are formidable predators as they lie in wait to ambush their prey or patiently stalk their quarry.
Learn MoreThe Whip-Tailed Scorpion is similar in appearance to true scorpions except that it has a whip-like tail that serves as an organ of touch and has no stinger.
Learn MoreStingless Bees can be found in most tropical or subtropical regions of the world, such as Australia, Africa, Southeast Asia, and tropical America.
Learn MoreBotany, also known as a branch of biology that deals with the study of plants, including their structure, properties, and biochemical processes. Also included are plant classification and the study of plant diseases and of interactions with the environment. The principles and findings of botany have provided the base for such applied sciences as agriculture, horticulture, and forestry.
This tree species grows up to 200 feet in height with a crown that spreads to a width of 240 feet.
Learn MoreThese palm-like shrubs are native to the Old World tropics and subtropics. Common names include pandan, screw palm, and screw pine.
Learn MoreStrangling Fig is the common name for a number of tropical and subtropical plant species, including some banyans and vines.
Learn MoreAn epiphytic species of fern that is native to tropical southeastern Asia, eastern Australia, Hawaii, Polynesia, Christmas Island, India and eastern Africa.
Learn MoreDevil’s Backbone was introduced as a garden plant although its roots, stems and leaves are known to be toxic.
Learn MoreLemongrass is a genus of Asian, African, Australian and tropical island plants in the grass family. It is widely used as a culinary herb in Asian cuisines and also as a medicinal herb in India.
Learn MoreThese cold-blooded creatures are highly adapted to living in various habitats, and even with humans. Some are dull coloured yet others are brilliantly hued to pleasantly surprise you on a walk through the forest. They love warm sunshine and cool waters but do be careful – they can also be masters of camouflage so tread carefully!
At an average of 10-20 feet in length, this is one of the longest snakes in the world. They are found in Southeast Asia where they have populated many islands due to the vast distances they are able to swim.
Learn MoreThis common species occurs throughout Southeast Asia in virtually all habitats including urban areas where it may sometimes be seen feasting on roadkill.
Learn MoreWhen you hear rustling in the dry undergrowth, that would probably be a skink.
Learn MoreThe Common Tree Frog is an arboreal species that is widely found throughout South and Southeast Asia and thrives in both wetlands and forests.
Learn MoreThis is a large toad with males growing up to 9.4cm and females up to 15.5cm. Its body is densely covered with warts and its feet are fully webbed with thin webbing which is in contrast to the rather thick webbing found in most toads.
Learn MoreThis is a sun-loving species found in the tropical rainforests of southern India and Southeast Asia.
Learn MoreThe northern end of the reserve is bordered by the South China Sea and mangrove forest that line the Tambalang River. Leisure cruises up the river bring you through this unique coastal habitat with Rhizophora, Sonneratia and Avicennia trees growing abundantly along the river bank. It’s a wonderful transition habitat that is home to water loving creatures like monitor lizards, otters, crocodiles and mudskippers. In the morning, birds flit through the forest canopy while at night, fireflies come out to play with flickers of light against the night sky. The mangrove forest surrounding part of the golf course has been rehabilitated to act as a wildlife corridor for animals to move freely between the sea and land so don’t be surprised if you see otters or monitor lizards scurrying across the resort grounds.
The Mud Skipper Fish are particularly abundant in mangroves and muddy shores, but some like the Gold-spotted mudskippers are also commonly seen on rocky shores and near reefs.
Learn MoreJellyfish are mainly free-swimming marine animals with umbrella-shaped bells and trailing tentacles, although a few are anchored to the seabed by stalks rather than being mobile.
Learn MoreThe green turtle is one of the largest sea turtles and the only herbivore among the different species. Green turtles are in fact named for the greenish color of their cartilage and fat, not their shells.
Learn MoreSand dollars are species of flat, burrowing sea urchins belonging to the order Clypeasteroida. Some species within the order, not quite as flat, are known as sea biscuits.
Learn MoreA barnacle is a type of arthropod constituting the subclass Cirripedia in the subphylum Crustacea, and is hence related to crabs and lobsters.
Learn MoreThe binturong is sometimes called ‘bear cat’ because it has a face that looks like a cat and a body like a bear with long shaggy hair but it is not related to either animal. It has a prehensile tail that is almost as long as its body which it uses as a fifth hand to move around with agility. They are also able to turn their ankles backwards so that their claws can still grip onto a tree when they are climbing down a tree headfirst. They are found in the tropical rainforest of Southeast Asia and are now classified as vulnerable mainly due to habitat destruction, poaching and captivity for the illegal pet trade.
The Common Palm Civet is found from the Himalayas and southern China to the Philippines, the Malay peninsula and the Indonesian islands. It is a highly adaptive animal and can live in dense forests, agricultural areas and even alongside humans. They are nocturnal animals and spend most of their lives in trees where they hunt alone for small vertebrates, insects, ripe fruits and seeds. The palm civet is also fond of coffee cherries. They eat the outer fruit and the coffee beans pass through their digestive tract. An expensive coffee called Kopi Luwak is made from these coffee beans.
Also known as the Lesser Malay Mouse Deer, they do not have antlers or horns. Instead, adult males have elongated, tusk-like upper canines. These canines protrude from the side of the mouth. Females lack these canines and are also smaller than the males. Its head has a distinctive triangular shape with a round body that rests on thin legs that are about the diameter of a pencil. The species ranges from southern China, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia and Thailand through Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore to Sumatra and Borneo.
The Long-Tailed Macaque is native to Southeast Asia and lives in a wide variety of habitats, including primary lowland rainforest, disturbed or secondary rainforest, shrub land, and riverine and coastal forests. Males are considerably larger than females and have a cheek pouch which they use to store food while foraging. Their tails are longer than the body which they use for balance when they jump distances of up to 5m. Fruits and seeds make up most of their diet but they also eat leaves, flowers, roots, bark and sometimes prey on vertebrates (including baby birds, nesting female birds, lizards, frogs, and fish), invertebrates, and bird eggs.
The Malayan Porcupine is one of the largest of Southeast Asia's seven species of porcupine. It lives in a wide range of habitats including primary and secondary forest, cultivated areas and plantations. The animal appears to be almost exclusively nocturnal and feeds on a diet of fallen fruit, roots, tubers and bark which they crush with their powerful jaws and large incisors. They may sometimes scavenge for food scraps at the edge of villages. The Malayan Porcupine is widespread in Southeast Asia on the mainland, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and on the islands of Borneo and Sumatra.
Slow Loris is a group of several species of nocturnal primates found in Southeast Asia and bordering areas of Bangladesh and Northeast India to the Sulu Archipelago in the Philippines and from Yunnan province in China to the island of Java. Slow lorises are omnivores, eating insects, other arthropods, small birds and reptiles, eggs, fruits, gums, nectar and miscellaneous vegetation. The two greatest threats to slow lorises are deforestation and the wildlife trade where they are sold as exotic pets or for traditional medicine. Habitat fragmentation has isolated the slow loris into smaller populations and thus obstructing biological dispersal.
The Stork-Billed Kingfisher is a tree kingfisher which is widely but sparsely found in the tropical Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, from India to Indonesia. It is a very large kingfisher, measuring 35-38cm in length, and lives in a variety of well-wooded habitats near lakes, rivers, or coasts. It is territorial and will chase away eagles and other large predators. This species hunts fish, frogs, crabs, rodents and young birds. Adults dig their nests in river banks, decaying trees, or tree termite nests. A clutch of two to five round white eggs is typical.
The Oriental Darter is a large bird, measuring 85-100cm in length and weighing between 1kg and 1.8kg. The wingspan is 115-130cm with a long bill measuring 7-8cm. They are often seen perched on a rock or tree branch, holding their wings open to dry. They have a long slender neck and a long pointed bill that they use to spear prey under water, bring it above water and toss into the air before swallowing. They are found near freshwater habitats like ponds, lakes, swamps, reservoirs and slow moving streams.
Cinnamon Bitterns hunt small fish, frogs and invertebrates but like other bitterns, they are solitary and hunt quietly alone. In good feeding grounds, they can be found in high densities; when you spot one, there is usually another nearby. Cinnamon Bitterns prefer freshwater wetlands where there is thick vegetation to hide in such as marshes, ricefields, grasslands, reedbeds, ponds and reservoirs.
The White-Crowned Shama is a bird in the Old World flycatcher family and is endemic to Borneo. The species can grow up to 28cm in length which includes a tail measuring 21-28cm in adult males. They are bred by local aviculturists in Borneo as cage-birds valued for their singing ability. They continue to be trapped as it is believed that wild-caught young birds are stronger and better songsters, than those bred in captivity.
The Tabon Scrubfowl is a ground-living bird. They have large, powerful feet that they use for dragging and piling mounds as well as digging pits to lay their eggs which take up to 70 days to hatch. The young chicks are fully feathered when they are born and can fly soon after that. These birds are commonly found on the small islands around Borneo and on the mainland coast of Sabah. Their calls sound like a distressed cat and when they feel threatened, they will run away or fly low over the ground. You can find them roosting in low trees duttring the night.
The sunbird is a group of very small Old World birds which feed largely on nectar, although they will also take insects, especially when feeding their young. Their flight is fast and direct on their short wings. One of the smallest sunbirds (11cm), it has a thin curved bill with distinctive white tips on its outer tail feathers.
Forest Cockroaches are insects with a soft, sleek and flat body, long antennae and spiny legs. They have two pairs of wings. The forewings are leathery and the hind wings membranous. The wings of male Forest Cockroaches are as long as the abdomen or even a little longer and allow them to fly sufficiently well. In contrast, the females are unable to fly because the wings are short. Although they may look repulsive, they play an important role in forest ecology. Most cockroaches feed on decaying organic matter, which traps a lot of nitrogen and releases that nitrogen through their droppings back into the soil and is used by plants.
The Brown Marmorated Stink Bug has a shield-like pentagon-shaped body which is characteristic of all stink bugs. Adults are 12 to 17 mm long with a mottled brownish grey body and distinguishing dark and light bands across the last two segments of its antennae. They have scent glands on the dorsal surface of the abdomen that release a foul-smelling liquid when disturbed. They are native to eastern Asia and its range includes subtropical regions of China and India. Eggs of the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug are often laid on the underside of leaves. Once hatched, immature bugs are more brightly coloured with red and black compared to the adults that blend in very well with tree bark. Stink bugs feed on flowers, stems and pods of various legumes and use their piercing-sucking mouthparts in a straw-like fashion to obtain the nutrients from the liquid part of the fruit.
House Crickets are a widespread species which probably originated from Southeast Asia and was carried by humans into many other countries. They are usually found in warm areas where they can get enough moisture and food such as in houses, buildings and garbage dumps. They hide in dark warm places during the day and are most active at night when they come out to feed on any food found around the house. Male crickets rub their wings together to produce a loud chirping sound to attract females.
The Praying Mantis are formidable predators as they lie in wait to ambush their prey or patiently stalk their quarry. They use their front legs to snare their prey with reflexes so quick that they are difficult to see with the naked eye. Moths, crickets, grasshoppers, flies and other insects are their usual prey but Praying Mantis are also known to eat others of their own kind. The most famous example of this is the notorious mating behavior of the adult female, who sometimes eats her mate just after—or even during—mating.
The Whip-Tailed Scorpion is similar in appearance to true scorpions except that it has a whip-like tail that serves as an organ of touch and has no stinger. It has eight legs like a spider but only uses six for walking; the other two legs are for sensory purposes, like an antenna. Whip scorpions are not venomous but it does secrete an irritating acid mist from glands under its tail that smells like vinegar when threatened. They are widely distributed in warm, humid regions and are typically found under bark or in leaf litter for protection from predators. They feed on arthropods such as crickets, spiders, millipedes, roaches and even moths which they are able to snatch out of the air.
Stingless Bees can be found in most tropical or subtropical regions of the world, such as Australia, Africa, Southeast Asia, and tropical America. They are closely related to the common honey bees, carpenter bees, orchid bees and bumblebees. Stingless Bees have stingers, but they are highly reduced and cannot be used for defense. Although they do not sting, they will defend by biting if their nest is disturbed. Stingless Bees usually nest in hollow trunks, tree branches, underground cavities or rock crevices, but they have also been encountered in wall cavities, old rubbish bins, water meter and storage drums.
This tree species grows up to 200 feet in height with a crown that spreads to a width of 240 feet. Widely grown as a shade tree, it offers abundant evergreen leaves which fold up during rainy weather and at night. When the trees’ foliage folds together, the rain runs straight down and onto the ground providing extra moisture under the tree for grass to grow against the rain tree's trunk. The Rain Tree is very useful as it attracts large amounts of bees, which utilize it for honey production. and as a fuel wood.
These palm-like shrubs are native to the Old World tropics and subtropics. Common names include pandan, screw palm, and screw pine. They are used in coastal areas for erosion control due to its numerous aerial roots which help bind the sand dunes from eroding water and wind. The leaves can be used for thatching and making numerous items such as ropes, baskets, mats, hats, place mats, nets and even paper. The waxy covering over the leaves makes them especially attractive for baskets and roofs with their natural water-resistant surfaces.
Strangling Fig is the common name for a number of tropical and subtropical plant species, including some banyans and vines. They all share a common "strangling" growth habit which is an adaptation for growing in dark forests where the competition for light is intense. When their seeds, often bird-dispersed, germinate in crevices atop other trees, the seedlings will grow their roots downward and envelop the host tree while also growing upward to reach into the sunlight zone above the canopy. An original support tree can sometimes die, so that the strangler fig becomes a column-like tree with a hollow central core.
An epiphytic species of fern that is native to tropical southeastern Asia, eastern Australia, Hawaii, Polynesia, Christmas Island, India and eastern Africa. It is known by the common name Bird's-Nest Fern or simply nest fern. Its large simple fronds look similar to banana leaves and can grow up to 50–150cm long and 10–20cm broad. The fronds roll back as they brown and create a massive leaf nest in the branches and trunks of trees. The sprouts are eaten as a vegetable in Taiwan and has been used locally in folk medicine for asthma, sores, weakness and halitosis.
Devil’s Backbone was introduced as a garden plant although its roots, stems and leaves are known to be toxic. Even minor amounts (a few drops) of the juice from the root can irritate mucosal membranes and can cause nausea and vomiting when ingested. The leaves however can be brewed as a tea and used in folk medicine to treat asthma, persistent coughing, laryngitis, mouth ulcers and venereal disease whilst the latex is applied topically to treat calluses, ear ache, insect stings, ringworm, skin cancer, toothache, umbilical hernias and warts. None of these uses has however been scientifically verified as effective.
Lemongrass was introduced as a garden plant although its roots, stems and leaves are known to be toxic. Even minor amounts (a few drops) of the juice from the root can irritate mucosal membranes and can cause nausea and vomiting when ingested. The leaves however can be brewed as a tea and used in folk medicine to treat asthma, persistent coughing, laryngitis, mouth ulcers and venereal disease whilst the latex is applied topically to treat calluses, ear ache, insect stings, ringworm, skin cancer, toothache, umbilical hernias and warts. None of these uses has however been scientifically verified as effective.
At an average of 10-20 feet in length, this is one of the longest snakes in the world. They are found in Southeast Asia where they have populated many islands due to the vast distances they are able to swim. They tend to live in rainforests and woodlands where they can find water such as streams and lakes. They wait and ambush their prey such as rodents and primates and then they wrap around it to cut off the airways. It can take a very long time for them to digest a meal so they usually only eat every few weeks.
This common species occurs throughout Southeast Asia in virtually all habitats including urban areas where it may sometimes be seen feasting on roadkill. It is particularly common, however, in mangrove areas as it is a strong swimmer and it can flourish on a diet of crabs and other large invertebrates. It can remain submerged underwater for a considerable amount of time. It is also an agile climber and a raider of bird's nests. The Malayan Water Monitor is distinguished from other monitors by the position of the nostrils, which lie near the tip of the snout.
When you hear rustling in the dry undergrowth, that would probably be a skink. Mainly terrestrial and active during the day, skinks are often found basking in the sun along forest tracts or on tree trunks or slithering among leaf litter in wooded areas, mangroves and parks. The Many-Striped Skink inhabits primary and secondary forest although it can also be found close to villages, along river banks and areas with rocky outcrops. They are characterised by their smooth, scaled skins that is bronze above, often with five to seven lines running down the length of its body. It is a thick-set lizard with small legs that gives it its agility and speed scurrying on the forest floor. It eats insects, spiders and even smaller lizards. The species range from India, southern China, Burma, Thailand and Indochina down through Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore, to Sumatra, Borneo, and the islands of Indonesia and the Philippines.
The Common Tree Frog is an arboreal species that is widely found throughout South and Southeast Asia and thrives in both wetlands and forests. Males use their sticky, expanded toe pads to climb up vegetation and call from one spot until a female locates it. Females would construct a foam nest attached to twigs or leaves or a surface by the water’s edge to lay their eggs. When hatched, the tadpoles will wriggle free from the foam and drop into the water below. The tadpoles are opportunistic predators and are known to attack and consume nearly anything, including other tadpoles for the best chance of survival.
This is a large toad with males growing up to 9.4cm and females up to 15.5cm. Its body is densely covered with warts and its feet are fully webbed with thin webbing which is in contrast to the rather thick webbing found in most toads. While most toads are highly terrestrial, even occupying semi-arid and arid regions, the Aquatic Swamp Toad has become an aquatic specialist, living close to pools in coastal peat swamps. However, its aquatic lifestyle, lethargic habits and camouflage colouration make it difficult to find them. Its habitat is restricted to Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo and Sumatra.
This is a sun-loving species found in the tropical rainforests of southern India and Southeast Asia. The abundant number of trees provides them with the right habitat to jump from tree to tree which they do for the purpose of mobility and not for predator escape. To perform this impressive feat, the Gliding Lizard climbs high up a tree, then spreads out its ‘wings’ which are its flattened ribs connected by a membrane, and then glides down to the next tree. They never glide when it’s raining or windy and will always climb instead to avoid danger. They feed mostly on small ants and termites by waiting patiently for them to come close enough so that they can pick them up without shifting their body.
The Mud Skipper Fish are particularly abundant in mangroves and muddy shores, but some like the Gold-spotted mudskippers are also commonly seen on rocky shores and near reefs.
Often mistaken for frogs or snakes, The Mud Skipper Fish are actually fish that breathe with gills. They belong to the Family Gobiidae and include these four genera Boleophthalmus, Periophthalmus, Periophthalmadon and Scartelaos.This marine life are well adapted to the intertidal area. Being able to stay of water for a while gives mudskippers an advantage over 'normal' fishes. During low tide, they are among the few marine creatures that can exploit the dry muddy or sandy flats. More about how to tell apart small mudskippers commonly found on our shores.
Jellyfish are mainly free-swimming marine animals with umbrella-shaped bells and trailing tentacles, although a few are anchored to the seabed by stalks rather than being mobile. The bell can pulsate to provide propulsion for highly efficient locomotion. The tentacles are armed with stinging cells and may be used to capture prey and defend against predators.
The green turtle is one of the largest sea turtles and the only herbivore among the different species. Green turtles are in fact named for the greenish color of their cartilage and fat, not their shells. Green turtles are found mainly in tropical and subtropical waters. Like other sea turtles, they migrate long distances between feeding grounds and the beaches from where they hatched. Classified as endangered, green turtles are threatened by overharvesting of their eggs, hunting of adults, being caught in fishing gear and loss of nesting beach sites.
Sand dollars are species of flat, burrowing sea urchins belonging to the order Clypeasteroida. Some species within the order, not quite as flat, are known as sea biscuits. The bodies of adult sand dollars, like those of other echinoids, display radial symmetry. The petal-like pattern in sand dollars consists of five paired rows of pores. The pores are perforations in the endoskeleton through which podia for gas exchange project from the body. The mouth of the sand dollar is located on the bottom of its body at the center of the petal-like pattern. Unlike other urchins, the bodies of sand dollars also display secondary front-to-back bilateral symmetry.
A barnacle is a type of arthropod constituting the subclass Cirripedia in the subphylum Crustacea, and is hence related to crabs and lobsters. Barnacles are exclusively marine, and tend to live in shallow and tidal waters, typically in erosive settings. They are sessile (nonmobile) and most are suspension feeders, but those in infraclass Rhizocephala are highly specialized parasites on crustaceans.